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熊市和牛市

熊市和牛市 　　Bear market; Bull market

　　大家可能都听说过股票市场上有“熊市”和“牛市”之说，前者表示“空头市场”，而后者是“行情看涨的市场”。那么为什么要用这两种动物来代表两种不同性质的市场呢?


　　在证券交易中，bear的意思是“卖空者，做空头者，抛售股票或期货希望造成价格下跌的人”；bull 的意思是“买进股票等待价格上涨以图谋利者；哄抬证券价格的人”。

　　英语中有句谚语Don't sell the bearskin before the bear was caught（不要在抓住熊之前就把熊皮卖掉）, 这正和人们在“熊市”的卖空头的做法有异曲同工之处。此外，从熊和公牛的习性分析，公牛更有蛮劲，更有攻击性；虽然熊也十分强壮，但和见人就顶的公牛比起来，它们善于沉思，并且易于撤退。

Investors in a bear market promise to sell a stock in the future at a set price. But the investor does not own the stock yet. He or she waits to buy it when the price drops.
The meaning of a bear market is thought to come from an old story about a man who sold the skin of a bear before he caught the bear. An English dictionary of the sixteen hundreds said, "To sell a bear is to sell what one has not."